TMJ Evaluation and Consultation Request

TMJ stands for the temporomandibular joint, which connects the lower jaw (mandible) to the temporal bone of the skull. Many people mistakenly refer to TMJ as a condition, but the actual disorder is called temporomandibular disorder (TMD).

TMD typically involves one or more of the following issues:

1. Disc Displacement: The temporomandibular joint contains a cartilage disc that cushions movement. If the ligaments holding this disc become stretched or torn, the disc may shift out of place, causing clicking, popping, or grating sounds when the jaw moves. When biting down, the misplaced disc can put pressure on nerves and blood vessels, leading to pain. In severe cases, the disc can become stuck in front of the jaw joint, resulting in a locked jaw that restricts movement.
2. Disc or Tissue Perforation: In rare cases, the cartilage disc or surrounding tissues can develop small perforations, contributing to joint dysfunction and discomfort.
3. Disc Adhesion: The disc may adhere to the joint socket, limiting jaw movement. This condition is uncommon but may require medical intervention if it significantly affects function.

When the joint is irritated, surrounding muscles in the jaw, face, and neck often tense up in response, causing additional discomfort. Symptoms of TMD can include headaches, neck pain, ear pain, dizziness, and even pain behind the eyes. Many individuals visit doctors for these symptoms, only to receive inconclusive test results. Some are mistakenly diagnosed with migraines and prescribed medications that provide limited relief. However, when TMD is properly treated, related headaches and muscle pain often subside.

TMD is typically caused by stress or injury to the jaw joint. This may result from:

• Chronic jaw strain: Repetitive stress over time, such as teeth grinding (bruxism), can wear down the joint and surrounding structures.
• Sudden impact or injury: Accidents, falls, or forceful impacts to the jaw can contribute to TMD.
• Jaw overextension: Opening the mouth too wide, such as during certain medical procedures, can place excessive strain on the joint.
• Recreational injuries: High-impact activities, such as off-road vehicle accidents, may lead to joint damage.
• Underlying conditions: Genetic factors, loose ligaments, or connective tissue disorders may predispose individuals to TMD.

Understanding the causes of TMD can help with prevention and early intervention, reducing discomfort and improving jaw function.